|
The following Lists of Palestinians are lists of people with either a self-designation (endonym) or a foreign appellation (exonym) as "Palestinian", or who were born in the religion of Palestine. Anyone with roots in the region that is now Israel, the West Bank and Gaza is technically a ''Palestinian'',〔German philosopher Kant referred to European Jews as "the Palestinians living among us." Kant, Immanuel (1974): ''Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View.'' Translated by Mary J. Gregor. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, cited in Chad Alan Goldberg, ''(Politicide Revisited )''. University of Wisconsin-Madison〕〔(Definition of Palestinian ) (Jewish Virtual Library)〕〔Tessler, M. "A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict" (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1994), p. 62.〕〔Hurewitz, J.C. "Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East: A Documentary Record 1914-1956" (New York: Praeger, 1956), p. 119-120〕 but today the term predominatly associates with the descendants of the non-Jewish population of the region.〔〔Butenschon, N.A. Ed.; Davis, U. Ed.; Hassassian, M. Ed. "Citizenship and the State in the Middle East: Approaches and Applications" (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2000), p. 210.〕 Whilst the history of a distinct Palestinian national identity is a disputed issue amongst scholars, and politicians,〔Awni Abd al-Hadi testified to the Peel Commission (1937), "There is no such country (Palestine ).... Palestine is a term the Zionists invented.... Our country was for centuries part of Syria." ()〕 approximately 12 million people today identify as ''Palestinians'',〔According to Rashid Khalidi, the modern Palestinian identity encompasses the heritage of all ages from biblical times up to the Ottoman period. (Rashid Khalidi, ''Palestinian identity: the construction of modern national consciousness,'' Columbia University Press, 2009 p.18.) According to Palestinian author Walid Khalidi: "the Palestinians considered themselves to be descended not only from Arab conquerors of the seventh century but also from indigenous peoples who had lived in the country since time immemorial." ("(With reference to Palestinians in Ottoman times) Although proud of their Arab heritage and ancestry, the Palestinians considered themselves to be descended not only from Arab conquerors of the seventh century but also from indigenous peoples who had lived in the country since time immemorial, including the ancient Hebrews and the Canaanites before them. Acutely aware of the distinctiveness of Palestinian history, the Palestinians saw themselves as the heirs of its rich associations.") and according to Palestinian anthropologist Ali Qleibo: "in their customs and manners, fossils of these ancient civilizations survived until modernity—albeit modernity camouflaged under the veneer of Islam and Arabic culture." ("Throughout history a great diversity of peoples has moved into the region and made Palestine their homeland: Canaanites, Jebusites, Philistines from Crete, Anatolian and Lydian Greeks, Hebrews, Amorites, Edomites, Nabateans, Arameans, Romans, Arabs, and European crusaders, to name a few. Each of them appropriated different regions that overlapped in time and competed for sovereignty and land. Others, such as Ancient Egyptians, Hittites, Persians, Babylonians, and Mongols, were historical 'events' whose successive occupations were as ravaging as the effects of major earthquakes ... Like shooting stars, the various cultures shine for a brief moment before they fade out of official historical and cultural records of Palestine. The people, however, survive. In their customs and manners, fossils of these ancient civilizations survived until modernity—albeit modernity camouflaged under the veneer of Islam and Arabic culture." Genetic analysis suggests that a majority of the Muslims of Palestine, inclusive of Arab citizens of Israel, are descendants of Christians, Jews and other earlier inhabitants of the southern Levant whose core may reach back to prehistoric times.(. Studies cited are: and Another study says; "Our recent study of high-resolution microsatellite haplotypes demonstrated that a substantial portion of Y chromosomes of Jews (70%) and of Palestinian Muslim Arabs (82%) belonged to the same chromosome pool." "Almut Nebel, Dvora Filon, Bernd Brinkmann, Partha P. Majumder, Marina Faerman, and Ariella Oppenheim,('The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East,' ) American Journal of Human Genetics, November 2001; 69(5): 1095–1112. 10.1086/324070,PMCID: PMC1274378.)〕 as defined in the Palestinian National Charter of 1968.〔"those Arab nationals who, until 1947, normally resided in Palestine regardless of whether they were evicted from it or stayed there. Anyone born, after that date, of a Palestinian father—whether in Palestine or outside it—is also a Palestinian (..) the Jews who had normally resided in Palestine until the beginning of the creation of Israel in 1948 are considered Palestinians." 〕 ==Mandate period and after== The first list "Mandate period and after" consists of people who identify as "Palestinians" since the creation of Mandatory Palestine in 1920. Palestinian Jews,〔(Image of a passport of a Palestinian Jew (1939) )〕 Samaritans, Druze, and Dom are native to the geographic region of Palestine, but the lists does not include them, since today very few self-dentify as "Palestinians".〔After crushing the Bar Kokhba revolt, Roman Emperor Hadrian applied the disparaging name ''Syria Palæstina'' to the region, that was formerly known as Kingdom of Israel. That name revived the ancient name of the Pentapolis Philistia, in an attempt to suppress Jewish connection to the land. (H.H. Ben-Sasson: ''A History of the Jewish People'', Harvard University Press, 1976, ISBN 0-674-39731-2, page 334: "In an effort to wipe out all memory of the bond between the Jews and the land, Hadrian changed the name of the province from Iudaea to Syria-Palestina, a name that became common in non-Jewish literature." - Ariel Lewin: ''The archaeology of Ancient Judea and Palestine''. Getty Publications, 2005, ISBN 0-89236-800-4, p. 33. "It seems clear that by choosing a seemingly neutral name - one juxtaposing that of a neighboring province with the revived name of an ancient geographical entity (Palestine), already known from the writings of Herodotus - Hadrian was intending to suppress any connection between the Jewish people and that land." - ('The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered' ), by Peter Schäfer, ISBN 3-16-148076-7) Some scholars describe the Roman persecution of the Jews in Syria Palæstina after the Bar Kokhba revolt (135 CE) as a genocide (Totten, S.: ''Teaching about genocide: issues, approaches and resources.'' p24. ()) for it resulted in an extensive depopulation of Jewish communities, more so than the First Jewish–Roman War of 70 CE () 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Palestinians」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|
